Encryption is the process of converting readable data (called plaintext) into an unreadable format (called ciphertext) using a key and an encryption algorithm.
The main purpose of encryption is to protect data from unauthorized access. Only someone with the correct decryption key can convert the ciphertext back into the original plaintext.
Key Points:
- Plaintext → original readable data.
- Ciphertext → scrambled, unreadable data after encryption.
- Key → secret code used to encrypt and decrypt data.
- Algorithm → the mathematical process that performs encryption and decryption.
Example:
- Plaintext:
HELLO - Encrypted (with a simple method):
IFMMP - To get back
HELLO, you need the decryption process.
Types of Encryption:
- Symmetric Encryption – same key is used for encryption and decryption (e.g., AES, DES).
- Asymmetric Encryption – uses two keys: a public key (for encryption) and a private key (for decryption) (e.g., RSA).
In real life: Encryption protects passwords, bank transactions, WhatsApp chats, and data stored on your devices.
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