Understand the Dangers Lurking Online — and How to Spot Them

The internet is full of opportunities—but also risks. From hackers to scams, knowing the types of cyber threats is your first line of defense. This page will help you recognize the most common digital dangers so you can stay safe and alert.

1. Malware

Malicious software designed to damage or disable computers.

  • Viruses – Attach themselves to files and spread.
  • Worms – Self-replicating programs that spread without user action.
  • Spyware – Secretly monitors your activities.
  • Ransomware – Locks your files and demands payment to unlock them.

Protect yourself: Keep antivirus software updated, avoid downloading unknown files, and don’t click suspicious links.

2. Phishing

Fake emails or websites designed to trick you into giving away sensitive information like passwords or credit card numbers.

  • Often look like messages from trusted sources (banks, delivery services, or even friends).
  • Can include fake login pages or urgent-sounding messages.

Protect yourself: Always verify the sender. Never click on strange links or share info unless you’re sure it’s safe.

3. Social Engineering

Tricking people—not systems—into giving up personal information.

  • Can happen via phone, email, or even in person.
  • May include pretending to be tech support or a manager.

Protect yourself: Stay skeptical of requests for info. Double-check identities.

4. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks

Hackers intercept communication between you and a website (like during online banking).

Protect yourself: Use HTTPS websites, avoid public Wi-Fi for sensitive tasks, and use a VPN.

5. Credential Stuffing

Hackers use stolen usernames and passwords from one site to try logging into others.

Protect yourself: Use unique passwords for every account. A password manager can help.

6. Data Breaches

Large-scale attacks on companies or services that leak user data.

  • Exposes names, emails, passwords, and financial information.
  • Can be used for identity theft or sold on the dark web.

Protect yourself: Use 2FA, change passwords regularly, and monitor your accounts for suspicious activity.

7. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks

Flooding a website or system with traffic to make it crash or slow down.

  • Usually targets businesses or websites, but impacts users too.

Protect yourself: While not personal, these attacks can limit access to services.

8. Zero-Day Exploits

Attacks that take advantage of unknown vulnerabilities before a fix is released.

Protect yourself: Keep all your devices and apps updated. Use reputable software only.

Stay Aware, Stay Safe

Knowing the enemy is half the battle. At SecurityShield360, we’re here to help you learn how to recognize, avoid, and respond to cyber threats before they become real problems.