What They Are, How They Work, and How to Protect Yourself

Malware and ransomware are two of the most dangerous cyber threats today. Understanding what they are and how they operate is essential to keeping your devices and data safe.

What Is Malware?

Malware (short for malicious software) is any software designed to harm or exploit your computer, network, or data. It comes in many forms:

  • Viruses — Attach themselves to files and spread when shared.
  • Worms — Self-replicate and spread independently across networks.
  • Spyware — Secretly monitors your activities and steals information.
  • Trojan Horses — Appear as legitimate software but contain hidden malicious code.

What Is Ransomware?

Ransomware is a specific type of malware that locks your files or entire system and demands a ransom (usually money) to unlock them.

  • Once infected, you may lose access to your photos, documents, and important files.
  • Ransom demands are often made in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, making it hard to trace.
  • Paying the ransom doesn’t guarantee you’ll get your data back.

How Do Malware & Ransomware Infect Devices?

  • Clicking on malicious email attachments or links
  • Downloading software or files from untrusted sources
  • Visiting compromised websites
  • Exploiting software vulnerabilities that are not patched or updated

How to Protect Yourself

✅ Keep Software Updated
Always install updates and security patches for your operating system and applications.

✅ Use Antivirus and Anti-Malware Tools
Regularly scan your system with trusted security software.

✅ Be Careful with Email Attachments and Links
Don’t open unexpected files or click suspicious links.

✅ Backup Your Data Regularly
Keep copies of important files offline or in secure cloud storage.

✅ Use Strong Passwords and 2FA
Prevent unauthorized access to your accounts and devices.

What To Do If You Get Infected

  • Disconnect from the internet immediately to prevent spreading.
  • Do NOT pay the ransom — this encourages criminals and may not restore your files.
  • Use malware removal tools or seek professional help to clean your system.
  • Restore files from backups if available.

Stay Protected with SecurityShield360

Malware and ransomware are evolving threats, but with the right knowledge and tools, you can stay one step ahead. Explore our resources to learn more about safe computing and how to defend yourself online.